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Megaupload shuts by the Feds

One of the oldest file sharing service I used, megaupload.com has been closed by the Feds. Feds in conjuntion with the prosecutor and cops from several countries has been chasing megaupload for its illegal content, especially pirated movies and money laundering regarding their uploaders reward program.

As of the afternoon of January 19, the site for megaupload.com had not been redirected, modified and requests simply timed out.

BBC news quote that:

The site’s founders have been charged with violating piracy laws.

Federal prosecutors have accused it of costing copyright holders more than $500m (£320m) in lost revenue. The firm says it was diligent in responding to complaints about pirated material.

The news came a day after anti-piracy law protests, but investigators said they were ordered two weeks ago.

The US Justice Department said that Megaupload’s two co-founders Kim Dotcom, formerly known as Kim Schmitz, and Mathias Ortmann were arrested in Auckland, New Zealand along with two other employees of the business at the request of US officials. It added that three other defendants were still at large.

“This action is among the largest criminal copyright cases ever brought by the United States and directly targets the misuse of a public content storage and distribution site to commit and facilitate intellectual property crime,”  posted on its website.

Going after Megaupload, might seem a strange choice. (As an example of its scale, Megaupload controlled 525 servers in Virginia alone and had another 630 in the Netherlands—and many more around the world.) For years, the site has claimed to take down unauthorized content when notified by rightsholders. It has registered a DMCA agent with the US government. It has created an “abuse tool” and given rightsholders access. It has negotiated with companies like Universal Music Group about licensing content.

The MPAA doesn’t have any doubts, though. “By all estimates, Megaupload.com is the largest and most active criminally operated website targeting creative content in the world,” it said in a statement. “This criminal case, more than two years in development, shows that law enforcement can take strong action to protect American intellectual property stolen through sites housed in the United States.”

The filesharing site Megaupload.com has been taken down by the FBI as the Justice Department unsealed an indictment charging seven people associated with the site. The 72-page indictment, handed down by a federal grand jury in Virginia on January 5, charges the seven people, including Megaupload’s founders Kim Dotcom and Mathias Ortman, with conspiracy.

Four of the people named—including Dotcom, Ortmann, Megaupload.com chief marketing officer Finn Batao, and developer Bram van der Kolk—are in custody, arrested in New Zealand today, according to the FBI. The FBI worked with authorities from New Zealand, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Canada, Germany, the UK and the Phillipines, and in concert with US Immigration and Customs Enforcement on the case.

The indictment charges that the “Mega conspiracy” has for more than five years operated websites that willfully distributed pirated movies, often before their theatrical release, and other illegal copies of copyrighted works, earning the company over $175 million in illegal profits through advertising revenue. Megaupload is also charged with money laundering by paying uploaders through an “uploader reward program,” and paying other companies to host the pirated content.

Additional news source : arstechnica.com

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Construction Of Photo Cameras.

Photo camera – is a device that performs the formation and subsequent fixation of the still image.

Principle of operation.

The transformation of luminous flux.

The luminous flux from the subject is transformed by a shooting lens into a real image; it is regulated according to intensity (lens aperture) and exposure time (shutter speed); it is balanced by the color filters.

Fixation of luminous flux.

In the film camera memorization of the image is on the photographic material (film, photographic plates, etc.), which after shooting is processed chemically or physically.

In the digital camera the image is perceived by an electronic sensor – the matrix; the signal obtained from the sensor has been digitized, memorization is done in the buffer memory and then stored on some media, usually removable (in modern cameras flash memory is mostly used). In the simplest or specialized cameras a digital image can be immediately transmitted to the computer.

Design of the camera.

Any camera has:

Lens with image projection on the sensor element;

Gate (its role can be performed by the lens cover, in simple digital cameras it can be absent);

Housing. It is used to attach the camera mechanisms. It protects the sensitive material from unauthorized light exposure in the process of shooting. Together with the rim of the lens or objective board it can be used to focus adjustment;

Cassette with a photosensitive material, or matrix with associated equipment.

All other elements of the camera do not have a direct impact on the technical quality of the image and can be present or absent in the structure. They determine the ease and speed of the camera, ensure an accurate framing (Viewfinder), help the photographer in identifying shooting parameters (exposure meter, automatic focus and exposure metering), make it simple to take photos in hard conditions (flash, image stabilizer, etc.).

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Left Back Pain Under Ribs

James is a 27 year ancient male, working as an executive in a firm. James has always loved excellent health; but, for the past 6 months he has been experiencing sharp pain on the left side of his ribs that becomes acute during sleeping hours. After visiting his doctor friend Peter, James was advised to do gallstone tests. James, quite shockingly, agreed to the Peter’s advice. Unfortunately, after the test reports came, it was found that James had gallstones in his bladder.

While, James, in the above tale, was able to know the cause of his erratic left lower back pain under ribs, many people are unable to know the left back pain causes. There are in fact innumerable causes of left back pain under ribs. In some cases, like that of James, there is the possibility of gallbladder stones, while in others an inflammation of the lungs or kidneys contribute to left back pain under ribs. Even pregnant women have been reported to complain of left back pain under ribs. In the advanced stages of pregnancy, many women experience pain in the area, where the rib cage and breast meet. Exactly what causes left back pain under ribs is hard to find out, unless proper diagnostic tests are carried out. But, whatever be the cause, left back pain under ribs is hard to handle and can cause uneasiness in the lifestyle of the person. Read more on lower back pain causes.

The rib cage gives shape to the thorax and surrounds the vital organs like chest, heart and lungs. The rib cage comprises 12 pairs of ribs, the thoracic vertebrae, sternum (or the breastbone) and cartilages (structures that attach the ribs to the sternum). Being the vital part of the skeletal system, the rib cage is a part of the axial skeleton and also a part of the respiratory system. Expansion, contraction and motion in the abdominal region is dependent on the movements of the rib cage. If you experience erratic left back pain under ribs, back pain just below rib cage or pain in back behind ribs, in all possibilities, it may be related to some complications of the rib cage or any internal problems. Read more on lower left back pain.

Left Back Pain under Ribs Causes
An injury to the rib cage, particularly a break or a cracked rib, is one of the possible causes of left back pain under ribs. Prolonged left back pain under the ribs can be diagnosed by doctors with the help of MRI or CT scan. Read more on cracked rib symptoms.

Cartilage is the area between the rib cage and breastbone. Inflammation in the cartilage area may lead to extreme pain in the back and arm regions. Cartilage inflammation may even give the person an impression of heart attack or severe lung inflammation. The pain due to cartilage inflammation lasts for a small time, but causes discomfort as long as it lasts.

Costochondritis is the most common cause of left back pain under the ribs. It is a condition that occurs due to respiratory infections and is responsible for pain in the area around the ribs.

Besides these, lack of exercise and not consuming enough water can lead to various digestive system disorders. Indigestion and intestine related infections cause improper food breakage in the stomach leading to trapping of gas in the intestinal area that may appear as pain in the area under the ribs.

Doctors generally recommend an X-ray, MRI and CT scan tests of the person who complains about back pain just below the ribs. Pain killers are initially advised medications for treating the left back pain under ribs. In case of severe pain in the back, the doctor can give local anesthetic or steroid injection. Read more on cracked rib treatment.

Besides these treatment methods, the best method to treat left back pain under rib cage is to take complete rest and do not strain the chest muscles. As the doctor’s reports will come, you will be able to know the exact cause of the left back pain under ribs and then the treatment will be carried out effectively. It is mandatory that first the cause of the pain is diagnosed, so that effective treatment can be given.

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Lower Blood Pressure Naturally – How To Produce Nitric Oxide For Optimal Health

It is now well known that the molecule nitric oxide is responsible for many positive health benefits in the body including lowering blood pressure naturally.

The question is how do we get enough nitric oxide so that it makes a significant difference in our cardiovascular health and particularly our blood pressure.

One of the factors in nitric oxide therapy is the inclusion of nutraceutical supplements in your diet. These are natural bioactive compounds with heath promoting properties and are very effective when consumed by themselves. But, when taken together their total effect is greater than if you took them separately.

In a nitric oxide therapy program the nutraceutical supplements are a combination of specific amino acids and antioxidants. Whether you currently have high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease or you want to prevent this condition you should seriously consider taking a daily nitric oxide supplement package to maintain your nitric oxide levels.

There are certain functional foods or nutraceutical supplements which include red meat, fish, olive oil, nuts, and pomegranate juice that have the ability to produce nitric oxide in the body. Functional foods are those that have naturally occurring compounds that provide a health benefit or will reduce the risk of disease. Unfortunately when it comes to producing NO (nitric oxide) you would need to consume an excessive amount of these foods in order to produce enough Nitric Oxide to make a significant difference.

Although you should include these functional foods in you daily regime your diet alone won’t be enough to provide the Nitric Oxide at the levels you need.

The Next Step

This takes us to the next step, which is exercise. When you exercise your body produces more Nitric Oxide than if you are at rest. Provided you have no restrictions, exercise has no down side. It can only be beneficial. Exercise in combination with proper diet will produce nitric oxide in a greater amount than each would provide separately. In fact, each of these elements will enhance the effectiveness of the other.

Although these steps are effective in producing Nitric Oxide in our bodies they do not raise the level of Nitric Oxide to the level that we require for optimal health.

The Final Step

If you combine a diet of NO-producing foods, moderate exercise and proper amino acids and antioxidants, your body will produce Nitric Oxide in quantities, which will give you optimal health benefits. This will keep your blood vessels relaxed, which can lower your blood pressure naturally. It will help to keep your cholesterol at normal levels and discourage the formation of blood clogging plaque in your vessels. This leads to a reduction of the inflammation which can cause atherosclerosis and this can all happen in as small as two weeks.

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The Many Benefits Of GPS HandHeld Units

Right now there are quite a few variants of GPS handheld units on this market. You will find a range all the way from your basic GPS for around a hundred dollars to some with many innovative qualities that could get a bit expensive. They additionally have GPS handheld units targeted to help certain outdoors activities such as hiking, climbing, and even camping, and sport fishing.

Exactly why must you reckon about adding a GPS handheld unit to you’re personalized collection of present day devices. Well its very simple, unlike a secured GPS you are able to take your handheld any where with you, and this also helps protect against robbers from obtaining your GPS out of your parked motor vehicle!

A person may use a GPS for a number of things from monitoring your present speed by setting an alarm anytime traveling in your car or truck, or to help you get comfortable with your surroundings in a new city you just transferred to. For anyone which have a dread involving getting lost while hunting in a new area, or maybe any time learning a completely new place on your fishing boat anyone can now have satisfaction of never getting lost. As a hunter you may keep more awareness on the game trails and any tracks left behind from the game your hunting, in addition to a reduced amount of time on your bearings.

As a fisherman you can keep your focus on signs involving large fish in thefish finder, or feeding frenzies and not fret with regards to getting to far from port.

You will not only have reassurance in not getting lost since approximately 12 satellites frequently calculate your present location. You will even be allowed to tag waypoints for nearly any hot spots you stumble upon whilst scouting.

As a hiker you would be in a position to help keep track of the time frame you been walking, the mileage traveled plus the pace your hiking at in real time. Some GPS handheld units even have the feature to show your heart rate. You will probably have the ability to add waypoints for any new trails you stumble upon, and then when you’re finished for the day simply set your handheld GPS unit to turn about and follow the arrow icon in your screen until you arrive at your starting position.

As a mountain climber you’ll have access to your elevation, as the GPS keeps you up to date on how high up you are in regards to sea level. In addition should you end up in an emergency circumstance while climbing or any other quandary outdoors your handheld GPS unit will make it simpler for authorities to pin point your precise position. This will save precious time in a life and death circumstance whenever every second is vital.

Some GPS handheld units come with tracking capabilities for you to keep an eye on exactly where a loved one is this can be very beneficial on quite a few degrees.

So do you believe GPS handheld units are appropriate for you? Then it might be time to buy a GPS handheld unit. To have a secure feeling when driving in a new city or out in the the woods is worth the money.

Why Have A Portable Tv And Or Is It Better To Get A Tv Phone

There is no doubt that portable TVs are included in the list of favorite personal gadgets worldwide. It is must-have for many Americans. From students who get ready to be updated with the latest news in fashion, entertainment and current events, to the frequent traveler who cannot miss a single episode of the most talked-about TV series, portable TVs are certainly making it huge towards being a perennial tinker. But if you are asking why barge in the hype, then you are probably one of those who still need some convincing. Here are the best advantages of having portable TVs around.

1. Convenient to use
From the word portable, surely you have the thought on how simple to use this. You can bring it anywhere, anytime. It will work even in the remotest part of the Amazon for as long as it can get reception. If you are working and needs to wind-up a bit, then you are just a button away from relaxation. Pieces of information are no longer limited to the library and World Wide Web as television also jumped in the race. After all, 80% of all knowledge learned during a lifetime is through the eyes.

2. Affordable
It is far cheaper than widescreen televisions. If you are just an occasional watcher who wants to have a TV set in the room, then you can choose from the many types of portable TVs.

3. Trendy
Who does not want to be part of the clique? If it is in, then it is something to watch out for. People are wise nowadays. Just one glitch can push all the customers away. If they stay with a certain gadget, then that should be a must-have.
Many high-end cell phones sold in the market nowadays have the capability to access TV reception, thus portable TVs on your hand. Those which have this capability comes with a hefty price but since cell phone models come and go very quickly and so are prices, there is a huge chance that you may end up grabbing one anytime soon. But, many people still doubt if phones as portable TVs can do the job properly. Many question if they are excellent enough. Are they?

Unfortunately, although many brands boast of high standards in manufacturing, there are still some glitches when it comes to this application. Here are some pointers to consider why it is still better to buy real portable TVs than use your cell phone instead.

1. Battery issue
Phones are designed for calls and text messages. Their power capacity is not as incredible as portable TVs can go, although they now have longer battery life than before. You do not expect to have a TV marathon on your cell phone if you are expecting some calls. Instead of using your cell phone’s power on the TV mode, better save it for emergency especially if you are fond of making and accepting calls.

2. Glitches
Phones often used for viewing the TV are more susceptible to crashing. They also frequently hang. No matter how companies promote their new models, always remember that the TV reception using megahertz is different from that used of satellites for the calls. You can never tell when your signal can get jammed due to heavy traffic. Handheld portable TVs are as handy and small as phones so better just buy one.

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Phen375 Analysis

Announced with the most potent authorized stout burner available, Phen375 is quickly building a huge number of satisfied consumers. A huge claim if ever there was one but the comments and the slimming data speak for themselves. Some people are saying about 10 pounds of stout loss in the initial 2 weeks and over a interval of 6 weeks there have been announcements of up to 25 pounds lost by some individuals!

The reason Phen375 is efficient in clinical phrases is because of the blending of enzyme boosters and hunger suppressants. This mixture provides consumers an opportunity to attack the bulge from 2 distinct angles. Phen375 is made from proven ingredients that act as appetite suppressors and enhance the metabolism in the complete body. Phen375 consists of ingredients that may quickly shed off large quantity of extra body stout.

Phen375 reports also tell that this supplement is a Food and Drug Administration approved product which performs as an appetite suppressor and accelerates the metabolic rate in the organism resulting in burning of the excess stout. The Phen375 evaluations made by the present users give a favorable feedback about this product.

The Phen375 reviews suggest that there’s minor side effects such as increase in the pulse when taking this pill. Although side effects are limited to some people, one could take precautionary measures by having Phen375 on a test base to achieve far more self assurance and read the Phen375 reports to far better comprehend the item. Still a proper proportion in between the diet plot and the exercise combined with taking Phen375 will present you increased bonuses.

To give you regular stout loss benefits, only the maximum standards and class of Phen375 are developed in FDA certified labs and the weight loss effects are guaranteed.

Phen375 is maybe the most potent authorized stout burner you can buy that will allow you quick and safe weight loss. By using Phen375 you aren’t getting diet product packed with caffeine yet with 100% pharmacy level extracts that are confirmed to work.

But, you if you are looking for other stout burners, so I recommend you to visit my website devoted to stout burners.

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Wind Surfing Introduction

If you are looking to try your hand in the surf without having to worry about huge waves wiping you out and off your board then you might want to try windsurfing instead. An advantage of this sport compared to the more traditional surfing is that you do not need huge waves to delight in the activity – everything that you need is a place for wind to propel you and so that you can perform some fantastic stunts to satisfy your craving for excitement and adventure.

What is wind surfing?

Windsurfing is a surface water sport that can be described as a combination of both surfing and sailing. A windsurfer uses a modified surfboard with a sail and rigging attached to it. Movement and direction will depend on how you use the sail to catch the wind and perform your special tricks and moves.

In most cases, windsurfing is regarded as a laid-back version of surfing since the windsurfers do not need to wait for the huge waves just to perform their stunts. Many people consider the attached sail rig a major limitation to the tricks you can perform as well as the flexibility in your movement, but experienced windsurfers have been known to do incredible things with their gear even without the help of a humungous wave.

Boards

There are several boards for windsurfing. In most cases, because wind surfing can be regarded as a recreational sport, many beginners are often found using Freeride boards for flat water or mild to moderate waves. If you’re in the leisure activity to try racing then Formula Windsurfing class board maybe the best gear for you. Other boards for windsurfing include a Wave Board that is small and light for extra maneuverability and its wider counterpart called Freestyle boards. If you want speed then a slalom board should meet your needs.

Learning from the Experts

The best way to learn windsurfing is to let an expert give yu some lessons. There’s no stopping you from learning the sport from books or watching experts perform their tricks on the beach. But if you really want to improve quickly and make your own achievements on the waves you are best to get an expert to show you the basics, such as equipment, the best ways of using your equipment, how to wind surf, and the like.

Another benefit of attending a class with wind-surfing instructors is how you measure your current skills and to help develop a program that promises rapid improvement. If you already know how the equipment works, and you already know the basics of maneuvering the board and rig, then the only thing left for the instructor to do is show you how you can place all your basic skills to use with hands-on experience.

There is no quick and simple way to learn windsurfing from scratch. Practices at beaches with high winds can be very helpful, but also possibly perilous. Your own swimming pool can also help you practice your balance to stay upright on your board. It all boils down to effort and determination, and having fun will help to get yourself into the right mood.

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California State University

History

Today’s California State University system is the direct descendant of the California State Normal School (now San Jose State University), a normal school established by the California Legislature on May 2, 1862. The California State Normal School was itself derived from the City of San Francisco’s Minns Evening Normal School (founded in 1857) a normal school legislature dropped the word “California” from the name of the San Jose and Los Angeles schools, renaming them “State Normal Schools.” Later Chico (1887), San Diego (1897), and other schools became part of the State Normal School system. In 1919, the State Normal School at Los Angeles became the Southern Branch of the University of California (now the University of California, Los Angeles). In 1921, the State Normal Schools became the State Teachers Colleges. By this time most of the campuses started to become identified by their city names plus the word “state” (e.g., “San Jose State,” “San Diego State,” “San Francisco State”).

In 1935, the State Teachers Colleges became the California State Colleges and were administered by the California State Department of Education in Sacramento. The Donahoe Higher Education Act of 1960 gave the system greater autonomy from the State of California.

The postwar period brought a fantastic expansion in the number of colleges in the system. Campuses in Los Angeles, Sacramento, and Long Beach were added between 1947 and 1949. Then seven more were authorized to be built between 1957 and 1960. Six more campuses joined the system after the establishment of the Donohoe Higher Education Act in 1960 bringing the total number to 23.

In 1972 the system became The California State University and Colleges, and all of the campuses were renamed with the words “California State University” in their names. Former San Diego State University student body president Calvin Robinson wrote the bill, signed into law by Ronald Reagan, that allowed every California State University the option to revert the schools back to their pre-1972 names: San Jose State, San Diego State, San Francisco State, etc. In 1982, the CSU system dropped the word “colleges” from its name.

Today the campuses of the CSU include comprehensive and polytechnic universities and the only Maritime Academy in the western United States that receives aid from the federal Maritime Administration.

Governance

Office of the Chancellor in Long Beach

Responsibility for the California State University is vested in the 25 member Board of Trustees, whose members are appointed by the Governor of the State of California. There are 5 ex officio Trustees; the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the Assembly, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and the CSU Chancellor. There are 4 special Trustees. The CSU Statewide Alumni Council appoints an Alumni Trustee. The Governor appoints a Faculty Trustee from nominees proposed by the Statewide Academic Senate. The Governor appoints two Student Trustees from nominees proposed by the California State Student Association. The Alumni and Faculty Trustees serve for two years. The Student Trustees serve staggered two-year terms. The sixteen remaining Trustees are appointed by the Governor, confirmed by the State Senate, and serve for eight years. The Trustees appoint the Chancellor, who is the chief executive officer of the system, and the Presidents, who are the chief executive officers of their respective campuses.

Membership of the Board of Trustees: Ex Officio trustees

Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor of California

Vacant, Lieutenant Governor (formerly John Garamendi; Abel Maldonado is the Lt. Gov. nominee)

Karen Bass, Speaker of the Assembly

Jack O’Connell, State Superintendent of Public Instruction

Charles B. Reed, CSU Chancellor

Appointed trustees:

Roberta Achtenberg

Jeffrey L. Bleich

Herbert L. Carter

Carol R. Chandler

Debra S. Farar

Kenneth Fong

Margaret Fortune

George G. Gowgani

Curtis Grima

Melinda Guzman

William Hauck

Raymond Holdsworth, Jr.

Linda A. Lang

Bob Linscheid

Peter Mehas

Henry Mendoza

Lou Monville

Craig R. Smith

Russel D. Statham

Glen Toney

Kyriakos Tsakopoulos

The Academic Senate of the California State University, made up of elected representatives of the faculty from each campus, recommends academic policy to the Board of Trustees through the Chancellor.

Chancellors of the CSU

Buell Gallagher (1961-1962)

Glenn S. Dumke (1962-1982)

W. Ann Reynolds (1982-1990)

Ellis E. McCune [Acting] (1990-1991)

Barry Munitz (1991-1998)

Charles B. Reed (1998-current)

Endowment

The California State University’s permanent, collective endowment has grown to 4 million U.S. dollars as of the close of the 2006-2007 academic year. In addition, each of the 23 campuses of the CSU raise their own funds through donations and other external funding, and each campus controls its own separate endowment funds not counted in the above endowment amount.

Link to CSU Endowment & Fundraising webpage

Rank

Institution

City

2007

Endowment

(0 USD)

2008

Endowment

(0 USD)

2009

Endowment

(0 USD)

Percent

change from

previous year

1

California Polytechnic State University

San Luis Obispo

$ 181,530

$ 166,179

$ 130,947

&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-3-2.1000000-21

Wrigley Field

History

Main article: History of Wrigley Field

The park was built in six weeks in 1914 at a cost of about 0,000 (.3 million in 2008 dollars) by the Chicago lunchroom magnate “Lucky Charlie” Weeghman, who owned the Federal League Dolphins. (The club signed a fifty-five-year lease to use the park for app ,000 per year.) It was designed by the architect Zachary Taylor Davis (who four years earlier had designed Comiskey Park for the Chicago White Sox), incorporating the new “fireproof” building codes recently enacted by the city. According to some sources, when it opened for the 1914 Federal League season, Weeghman Park had a seating capacity of 14,000. According to another source, the original seating capacity was 20,000.

In late 1915 the Federal League folded. The resourceful Weeghman formed a syndicate including the chewing gum manufacturer William Wrigley Jr. to buy the Chicago Cubs from Charles P. Taft for about 0,000. Weeghman immediately went the Cubs from the dilapidated West Side Grounds to his two-year-ancient park. In 1918 Wrigley bought the controlling interest in the club. In February 1926, he renamed the park “Wrigley Field.”

In 1927 an upper deck was added, and in 1937, Bill Veeck, the son of the club president, planted ivy vines against the outfield walls.

Wrigley Field was a hold-out against night games, not installing lights until 1988 after baseball officials refused to allow the Cubs to play any post-season games without lights. Night games are still limited in number by agreement with the city council. Capacity is set at 44,250.

Features

Wrigley Field follows the jewel box design of ballparks that was well loved in the early part of the 20th century. The two recessed wall areas, or “wells,” located both in left, and right field, give those areas a small more length than if the wall were to follow the contour from center field, it is also in those wells, when cross winds are blowing, that balls have a habit of bouncing in all sorts of fascinating directions, there is also a long net running the entire length of the outfield wall, about two foot from the top, the primary use is to keep fans from falling out of the bleacher area, and onto the field of play, which is about seven, to ten feet below the top of the wall. Called “The basket,” by players, and fans alike, the rules of the field state that any ball landing within the netting is ruled a home run, making the distance to hit a home run in Wrigley Field really shorter than the location of the outfield wall.

Ivy-covered outfield walls

Wrigley Field is known for its distinct ivy-covered outfield walls.

The ballpark is well-known for its outfield walls which are covered by ivy. In the first weeks of the baseball season, the ivy has not leafed out, and all that is visible are the vines on which it grows. But, as the baseball season progresses further into spring, the ivy grows thick and green, disguising the hard brick surface of the outfield wall. Many a ball has been lost in the ivy when hit towards the outfield fences. An outfielder will signal that a ball is lost, by raising his hands. When this occurs, the umpires will call time and rule the play a ground-rule double. Also, there have been occasions of fielders being injured when slamming into the wall after a glide ball. The ivy that covers the outfield wall is Boston Ivy, which can endure the harsh Chicago winters better than its English cousin. The ivy was planted in 1937 by the Cubs General Manager Bill Veeck, to try and add some padding to the then groundbreaking new brick outfield wall.

Rooftop seats

See also: Wrigley Roof

The rooftops seats across the street offer views similar to those from the ballpark’s own seats.

Ancient-time ballparks were often surrounded by buildings that afforded a “freebie” look at the game for enterprising souls. In most venues, the clubs took steps to either extend the stands around, or to build spite fences to block the view. Perhaps the most notorious of these was the one at Shibe Park in Philadelphia, which caused a rift between the residents and the team that never healed. The Cubs themselves had built a high fence along the outfield at West Side Park, to hide the field from flats whose back porches were right next to the outer fence of the ballpark.

But at Wrigley it was different. The flat rooftops of the apartment buildings across Waveland and Sheffield, which pre-date the ballpark, were often populated with a reasonable number of fans having cookouts while enjoying the game for free. The Cubs tolerated it quietly until the 1990s, when some owners of those apartments started building small bleacher sections, and charging people to watch the games. That was a whole different ball game, and the Cubs management became very vocal in expressing their displeasure, threatening legal action. In 2003 they went so far as to line the screens that top the outer walls with opaque strips, to block the best exterior sight lines. That was the closest thing to a spite fence that Wrigley had seen. Therefore the bleachers are sometimes called “The Spiteless Fence” as well as “The Ivy Wall”.

View from a rooftop across Waveland Avenue

This led to meetings and to a peaceful settlement among the various parties. The building owners agreed to share a part of their proceeds with the Cubs, and the Cubs obtained permission from the city to expand the ballpark’s own bleachers out over the sidewalks and do some additional construction on the open area of the property to the west, bordered by Clark and Waveland, and to close the remnant of Seminary Avenue that also existed on the property. The rooftop seats are now effectively part of the ballpark’s seating area, although they are not included in the seating capacity figure.

Some of the rooftops have become legendary in their own right. The Lakeview Baseball Club, which sits across Sheffield Avenue (right-field) from the stadium displays a sign that reads, “Eamus Catuli!” (roughly Latin for “Let’s Go Cubs!”atuli translating to “whelps”, the nearest Latin equivalent), flanked by a counter indicating the Cubs’ long legacy of futility. The counter is labeled “AC,” for “Anno Catuli,” or “In the Year of the Cubs.” The first two digits indicate the number of years since the Cubs’ last division championship as of the end of the previous season (2008), the next two digits indicate the number of years since the Cubs’ last trip to the World Series (1945), and the last three digits indicate the number of years since their last World Series win (1908).

Today, Wrigley rooftops have become a unique alternative venue to watch baseball games. Many rooftop venues feature bleachers, open bar, specialty food items, and a unique game-day atmosphere, although the quality of the view can vary depending on the specific rooftop location.

Unusual wind patterns

The main scoreboard at Wrigley Field. This photo was taken on the August 27, 2005 Cubs-Marlins game. Note the video board below the scoreboard, as it was added in 2004.

In April and May the wind often comes off Lake Michigan (less than a mile to the east), which means a northeast wind “blowing in” to knock down potential home runs and turn them into outs. In the summer, but, or on any warm and breezy day, the wind often comes from the south and the southwest, which means the wind is “blowing out” and has the potential to turn normally harmless glide balls into home runs. A third variety is the cross-wind, which typically runs from the left field corner to the right field corner and causes all sorts of fascinating havoc. Depending on the direction of the wind, Wrigley can either be one of the friendliest parks in the major leagues for pitchers or among the worst. This makes Wrigley one of the most unpredictable parks in the Major Leagues.

Many Cubs fans check their nearest flag before heading to the park on game days for an indication of what the game might be like; this is less of a factor for night games, but, because the wind does not blow as hard after the sun goes down.

With the wind blowing in, pitchers can dominate, and no-hitters have been tossed from time to time, though none recently; the last two occurred near the beginning and the end of the 1972 season, by Burt Hooton and Milt Pappas respectively. In the seventh inning of Ken Holtzman’s first no-hitter, on August 19, 1969, Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves hammered one that looked like it was headed for Waveland, but the wind caught it just enough for left fielder Billy Williams to leap up and snare it in “the well”.

With the wind blowing out, some right tape-measure home runs have been hit by well-muscled batters. Sammy Sosa and Dave “Kong” Kingman broke windows in the apartment buildings across Waveland Ave. several times. Glenallen Hill place one on a rooftop. Batters have occasionally slugged it into, or to the side of, the first row or two of the “upper deck” of the center field bleachers. Sosa hit the roof of the center field camera booth on the glide during the NLCS against the Florida Marlins, some 450 feet away.

But the longest blast was probably hit by Dave Kingman on a very windy day in 1976 while with the Mets. According to local legend, that day, Kingman launched a bomb that landed on the third porch roof on the east (center field) side of Kenmore Avenue, some 550 feet away.

No batter has ever hit the center field scoreboard, but it has been hit by a different kind of ball: a golf ball, hit by Sam Snead, using a two iron.

No matter the weather, many fans congregate during batting practice and games on Waveland Avenue, behind left field, and Sheffield Avenue, behind right field, for a chance to catch a home run ball.

Hand turned scoreboard

Just like Fenway Park, Wrigley still boasts a hand turned scoreboard. But, unlike the fabled home of the Red Sox, the scoreboard at Wrigley is mounted above the center field bleachers, rather than at ground level, making it harder to hit it. The scoreboard was installed in 1937, when Bill Veeck installed the new brick outfield wall, and the bleacher stands, the scoreboard has remained in place ever since, and has only been modified once, in 1988, when the installation of lights made it necessary to add a set of light stands facing onto the scoreboard. The scoreboard is still hand turned, with scores coming into the scoreboard through a ticker tape machine (today, a computer is used to show scores to the number turners), a number turner watches the score changes closely, and reflects this by walking the length of the interior of the scoreboard, and manually replacing the numbers to reflect the new score for a certain game. It is known that during the existence of the current Wrigley Field scoreboard, several players have come close, but none have ever hit it. The scoreboard is made out of sheet steel, and is welded into place, then painted forest green, to reflect the now growing foliage below. The numbers that are placed into the inning windows are steel, painted forest green, and numbered with white numerals, the box for the game playing at Wrigley, but, for the inning, until the end of that inning, the current runs scored are reflected by yellow numerals. The clock, which sits at the top center of the scoreboard, has never lost time in its 73 year existence. The doors to enter the scoreboard are located at both ends, and on the reverse of the scoreboard, is a blue pennant, with the words “Chicago Cubs”, in white, the words are also placed with red neon lights, allowing the pennant to be seen at night.

Main entry marquee

Directly over the main entrance to the stadium stands the most familiar icon of the exterior of the ballpark, a large red, art deco style marquee, painted in white letters to read “Welcome to Wrigley Field, Home of Chicago Cubs”. The marquee has been in place since the stadium changed its name in the mid 1920’s, and was first placed with announcements on upcoming games using an ancient-fashioned theater marquee design, with letters being replaced with a suction cup on a long pole. In the 1980’s, the original theater marquee setup was removed from the sign, and an electronic scrolling announcement board was added, effectively splitting the original marquee into two pieces. The marquee utilizes red neon lights at night, showing the familiar “Welcome to Wrigley Field” in red, as the rest of the sign is in darkness. It is the most photographed part of the stadium exterior.

Stadium usage

Main article: List of events at Wrigley Field

Baseball

Main article: Chicago Cubs franchise history

Wrigley Field has served as the home baseball park for Major League Baseball’s Chicago Cubs franchise since 1916.

Football

Wrigley Field football configuration with extra bleacher seats in right field

The Chicago Bears of the National Football League played at Wrigley Field from 1921 to 1970 before relocating to Soldier Field. The team had transferred from Decatur, and retained the name “Staleys” for the 1921 season. They renamed themselves the “Bears” in order to identify with the baseball team, a common practice in the NFL in those days. Wrigley Field once held the record for the most NFL games played in a single stadium with 365 regular season NFL games, but this record was surpassed in September 2003 by Giants Stadium in New Jersey, thanks to its dual-occupancy by the New York Giants and New York Jets.The game played between the Jets and Miami Dolphins on September 14, 2003 was the 366th regular season NFL game at Giants Stadium breaking Wrigley’s regular season record. The 50 seasons the Bears spent at Wrigley Field had been an NFL record until 2006 when Lambeau Field duplicated this feat by hosting the Packers for the 50th season, and broke it in 2007.

Initially the Bears worked with the stands that were there. Eventually they bought a large, portable bleacher section that spanned the right and center field areas and covered most of the existing bleacher seating and part of the right field corner seating. This “East Stand” raised Wrigley’s football capacity to about 46,000, or a net gain of perhaps 9,000 seats over normal capacity. After the Bears left, this structure would live on for several years as the “North Stand” at Soldier Field, until it was replaced by permanent seating.

The football field ran north-to-south, i.e. from left field to the foul side of first base. The remodeling of the bleachers made for a very tight fit for the gridiron. In fact, the corner of the south end zone was literally in the visiting baseball team’s dugout, which was filled with pads for safety, and required a special ground rule that sliced off that corner of the end zone. One corner of the north end line ran just inches small of the left field wall. There is a legend that Bronko Nagurski, the fantastic Bears fullback, steamrolled through the line, head down, and ran all the way through that end zone, smacking his leather-helmeted head on the bricks. He went back to the bench and told Coach “Papa Bear” George Halas, “That last guy gave me quite a lick!” That kind of incident prompted the Bears to hang some padding in front of the wall.

The Bears are second only to the Green Bay Packers in total NFL championships, and all but one of those (their only Super Bowl championship) came during their tenure at Wrigley. After a half-century, they found themselves compelled to go, because the NFL wanted every one of its stadiums to seat at least 50,000. The Bears had one experimental game at Dyche Stadium (now Ryan Field) on the Northwestern University campus, but otherwise continued at Wrigley until their transfer to the lakefront finished their five-decades run on the north side. One remnant of the Bears’ time at Wrigley was uncovered during the off-season 20072008 rebuilding of the playing field: the foundations for the goal posts.

Other events

Hockey rink layout

The Chicago Sting of the North American Soccer League (NASL) used Wrigley, along with Comiskey Park, for their home matches during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Sting hosted the San Diego Sockers on August 25, 1979 at Wrigley when the Bears were using Soldier Field. Unlike the Bears’ football gridiron layout, the soccer pitch ran east-to-west, from right field to the foul territory on the third-base side.[citation needed]

On January 1, 2009, the National Hockey League played its 2009 Winter Classic in The Friendly Confines pitting two “Original Six” teams – the host Chicago Blackhawks and the visiting Detroit Red Wings – in an outdoor ice hockey game. The rink ran across the field from first base to third base with second base being covered by roughly the center of the rink. According to espn.com, the attendance for this game was 40,818. The Red Wings won 64.

In recent years Wrigley Field has been opened on a limited basis to well loved concerts, not without some controversy. Artists and groups to play Wrigley Field have included Jimmy Buffett (2005), The Police (2007), Elton John and Billy Joel (2009), and Rascal Flatts (2009). Local neighborhood groups have expressed concerns about the impact of concert crowds and noise on the surrounding residential neighborhood, particularly in 2009 when three concerts were added to the schedule, one conflicting with an annual neighborhood festival.

Traditions and mainstays

Corporate sponsorship

Some Wrigley Field advertising in 2007

Wrigley Field shares its name with the Wrigley Company, as the park was named for its then-owner, William Wrigley Jr., the CEO of the Wrigley Company. As early as the 1920s, before the park became officially known as Wrigley Field, the scoreboard was topped by the elf-like “Doublemint Twins”, posed as a pitcher and a batter. There were also ads painted on the bare right field wall early in the ballpark’s history, prior to the 1923 remodeling which place bleachers there. After that, the Doublemint elves were the only visible in-park advertising. The elves were removed permanently in 1937 when the bleachers and scoreboard were rebuilt. It would be about 45 years before in-park advertising would reappear.

Owned by the Tribune Company since 1981, Wrigley Field has been a notable exception to the recent trend of selling corporate naming rights to sporting venues. The Tribune Company chose not to rename the ballpark, utilizing other ways to bring corporate sponsorship into the ballpark.

During the mid-1980s, Anheuser-Busch placed Budweiser and Bud Light advertisements beneath the center field scoreboard. Bud Light became the sponsor of the rebuilt bleachers in 2006.

In the early 2000s, following the trend of many ballparks, a green-screen chroma key board was installed behind home plate, in the line of sight of the center field TV camera, to allow electronic “rotating” advertisements visible only to the TV audiences. By 2006, the board was set-up to allow advertisements to be both physical and electronic (thus they can be seen in both live and replay shots).

In 2007, the first on-field advertising appeared since the park’s early days. Sporting goods firm Under Armour placed its logo on the double-doors between the ivy on the outfield wall, in left-center and right-center fields. Advertisements were also placed in the dugouts, originally for Sears department stores, then Walter E. Smithe furniture and now State Farm insurance.

Corporate sponsorship has not been limited to the park itself. Wrigley Field is well-known for its view of the neighborhood buildings across Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. In addition to spectators standing or sitting on the apartment roofs, corporate sponsors have frequently taken advantage of those locations as well. In the earliest days of Weeghman Park, one building across Sheffield Avenue advertised a local hangout known as Bismarck Gardens (later called the Marigold Gardens after World War I). That same building has since advertised for the Torco Oil Company, Southwest Airlines, and the Miller Brewing Company.

A building across from deep right-center field was topped by a neon sign for Baby Ruth candy beginning in the mid-1930s and running for some 40 years. That placement by the Chicago-based Curtiss Candy Company, coincidentally positioned in the line of sight of “Babe Ruth’s called shot”, proved fortuitous when games started to be televised in the 1940she sign was also in the line of sight of the ground level camera behind and to the left of home plate. The aging sign was eventually removed in the early 1970s.

Another long-standing venue for a sign is the sloping roof of a building behind left-center field. Unsuitable for the bleachers that now decorate many of those buildings, that building’s angling roof has been painted in the form of a large billboard since at least the 1940s. In recent years it has borne a bright-red Budweiser sign and, beginning in 2009, an advertisement for Horseshoe Casino. Other buildings have carried signs sponsoring beers, such as Ancient Style (when it was a Cubs broadcasting sponsor) and Miller; and also WGN-TV, which has telecast Cubs games since April 1948.

For 2008 and 2009, the Cubs worked out an agreement with the Chicago Board Options Exchange to allow the CBOE to auction some 70 box seat season tickets and award naming rights to them.

For the 2009 season, the The Chicago Cubs announced that the renovated restaurant space in the southeast corner of Wrigley Field, formerly known as the Friendly Confines Cafe, will now be known as the Captain Morgan Club.

On October 27, 2009, Thomas S. Ricketts officially took over 95% ownership of the Chicago Cubs, Wrigley Field and 25% ownership of Comcast SportsNet Chicago. The Tribune will retain 5% ownership. Ricketts, but, has expressed no interest in selling the naming rights to Wrigley Field, preferring that it retain the name it has used since 1926.

“White flag time at Wrigley!”

Retired numbers for Ernie Banks and Ron Santo on the left field foulpole and for Billy Williams and Ryne Sandberg on the right field foulpole. Since May 3, 2009, the number 31 also flies on both foul poles, to honor Ferguson Jenkins (left field) and Greg Maddux (right field).

Main article: Cubs Win flag

The term “White flag time at Wrigley!” means the Cubs have won. The ritual of raising flags after a game is decades-ancient, but the saying itself only started in the 1990s, as coined by Chip Caray.

Beginning in the days of P.K. Wrigley and the 1937 bleacher/scoreboard reconstruction, a flag with either a “W” or an “L” has flown from atop the scoreboard masthead, indicating the day’s result. In case of a doubleheader that is split, both flags are flown.

Past Cubs media guides show that the original flags were blue with a white “W” and white with a blue “L”, the latter coincidentally suggesting “surrender”. In 1978, blue and white lights were mounted atop the scoreboard, to further denote wins and losses.

The flags were replaced in the early 1980s, and the color schemes were reversed with the “win flag” being white with a blue W, and the “loss flag” the opposite. In 1982, the retired number of Ernie Banks was flying on a foul pole, as white with blue numbers.

Keeping with tradition, fans are known to bring win flags to home and away games, and showing them after a Cubs win. Flags are also sold at the ballpark. On April 24, 2008 the Cubs flew an extra white flag showing “10,000″ in blue, along with the win flag, as the 10,000th win in team history was achieved on the road the previous night. Along side the tradition of the “W” and “L” flags, the song “Go Cubs Go” is sung after each home win.

References in well loved culture

The iconic sign outside Wrigley Field.

The back of Wrigley Field, with ancient fashioned scoreboard taken during an offseason before the reconstruction of 2005

During pregame warmup the starting pitcher (Chris Young pictured) warms up in the bullpen. A few bullpens are in playable foul territory like those at Wrigley Field.

Wrigley Field had a brief cameo in the movie The Blues Brothers (1980), starring John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as Jake and Elwood Blues. Elwood listed 1060 W. Addison as his fake home address on his Illinois driver’s license, tricking the police and later the Nazis listening on police radio. The Natural (1984), starring Robert Redford, had a scene set at Wrigley but was really filmed at All-High Stadium in Buffalo, New York. All other baseball action scenes in that movie were shot in Buffalo, at the since-demolished War Memorial Stadium.

During Cubs games, fans will often stand outside the park on Waveland Avenue, waiting for home run balls hit over the wall and out of the park. But, as a tradition, Cubs fans inside and sometimes even outside the park will promptly throw any home run ball hit by an opposing player back onto the field of play, a ritual depicted in the 1977 stage play, Bleacher Bums, and in the 1993 film, Rookie of the Year.

The ballpark was featured in a scene in Ferris Bueller’s Day Off. Many scenes from Rookie of the Year were filmed at Wrigley Field. Later, the film, The Break-Up, would use Wrigley Field as the setting for its opening scene. An early 1990s film about Babe Ruth had the obligatory scene in Wrigley Field about the “called shot” (the ballpark also doubled as Yankee Stadium for the film). A scoreboard similar to the one existing in 1932 was used, atop an ivy wall (though that did not exist until later in the decade).

The ballpark was used for the establishing tryouts scene in A League of Their Own (1992). This film was a Hollywood account of the 1940s women’s baseball league which Cubs owner P.K. Wrigley championed during World War II. Garry Marshall (older brother of the film’s director Penny Marshall) has a cameo as “Walter Harvey,” Wrigley’s fictional alter ego. The sign behind the scoreboard was temporarily redone to read “Harvey Field”, and filming was split between Wrigley and Cantigny Park near Wheaton, IL.

Many television series have made featured scenes set in Wrigley Field, including ER, Crime Tale, Chicago Hope, Prison Break, Perfect Strangers, and My Boys. Also, the animated comedy, Family Guy featured a scene at Wrigley Field, which parodied the Steve Bartman incident. In an episode of The Simpsons entitled “He Likes to Glide and He D’ohs,” upon arriving in Chicago, Homer walks past a number of well-known Chicago landmarks, including Wrigley Field, followed by a generic looking stadium bearing the name “Wherever the White Sox play.” In 2007, the band Nine Inch Nails made a promotional audio skit, which involved Wrigley Field being the target of disgruntled war veteran’s terrorist attack.

The late-1970s comedy stage play, Bleacher Bums, was set in the right field bleachers at Wrigley. The video of the play was also set on a stage, with bleachers suggesting Wrigley’s layout, rather than in the actual ballpark’s bleachers. The tradition of throwing opposition home run balls back was clarified by Dennis Franz’s character: “If someone hands you some garbage, you have to throw it back at them!”

The stadium was also featured on the well loved Travel Channel television show, Fantastic Hotels, starring Samantha Brown. She attended a game during a visit to Chicago.

Chicago folk singer Steve Goodman featured Wrigley Field as the setting for his well loved Cubs lament “A Dying Cub Fan’s Last Request,” extolling both the trials of the Cubs and the place Wrigley Field holds in Cub fans’ hearts. After his untimely death from leukemia, Goodman’s ashes were in fact scattered at Wrigley Field as described in the lyrics.

The Statler Brothers’ 1981 song “Don’t Wait On Me” referred to a then-implausible situation: “When the lights go on at Wrigley Field.” But, after lights were installed, the line was changed to “When they place a dome on Wrigley Field” for their 1989 Live-Sold Out album.

A few brief shots of Wrigley Field appear in the 1949 movie It Happens Every Spring. It is also seen on the History Channel’s show Life After People.

The stadium made a brief appearance in the open for the first episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O’Brien, with Conan rushing through the turnstiles while running from New York (where his previous show, Late Night with Conan O’Brien, was taped) to Los Angeles (where his new show tapes) and then running onto the field while being chased by Cubs security. The route O’Brien takes is somewhat misleading, as he is shown running south on Michigan Avenue past the Tribune Tower before arriving at Wrigley Field, which is well north of the Tribune Tower.

In the movie Category 6: Day of Destruction, a terrorist turns off all the electricity at the stadium for a few minutes to demonstrate how hackers could penetrate city electrical systems.

A panoramic view of Wrigley Field from the upper deck.

Accessibility and transportation

Addison Station at Wrigley Field is served by Red Line trains. This view is now blocked by buildings constructed in 2007.

The Red Line stop at Addison is less than one block east of Wrigley Field. The stadium was originally built for proximity to the train tracks. At the conclusion of games, the scoreboard operator raises to the top of the center field scoreboard either a white flag with a blue “W” to signify a Cubs victory or a blue flag with a white “L” for a loss. This is done not only to allow passengers on the nearby “L” trains to see the outcome of the game, but also anyone passing by the park can now know the results of that day’s game. Fascinatingly, the basic flag color was once the exact opposite of the colors used today (the rationale being that white is the traditional color for surrender). In addition to rail service, the CTA provides several bus routes which service Wrigley. CTA bus routes #22 Clark, #152 Addison and #154 Wrigley Field Express all provide access to the ballpark. Pace also operates the #282 Schaumburg-Wrigley Field Express from Woodfield Mall in Schaumburg and the #779 Yorktown-Wrigley Field Express from Yorktown Shopping Center in Lombard. Biking to the field is also a well loved alternative. As Halsted, Addison, and Clark streets all have designated biking lanes, getting to the field via bicycle is a fantastic way to avoid hectic traffic before and after games. Bikers need not worry about their bike during the game, because Wrigley Field offers a complimentary bike check program. Cyclists may check their bikes up to 2 hours before games at the bike racks off of Waveland Ave, and may pick up their bikes up to one hour after games end.

Parking in the area remains scarce, but that does not seem to bother fans who want to come to this baseball Mecca, which has drawn more than 3 million fans every year since 2004, averaging to a near-sellout every day of the season, even with many weekday afternoon games. The small parking that is available around the park can go for as much as 0 per space. To partially alleviate this problem, the Cubs sponsor a parking shuttle service from the nearby DeVry University campus at Addison and Western as part of their agreement with local neighborhood groups.

Commemorative stamps

In 2001, a series of commemorative postage stamps on the subject of baseball parks was issued by the U.S. Postal Service. Most of them were engravings taken from ancient colorized postcards, including the illustration of Wrigley Field. In the case of Wrigley, the well-known scoreboard was sliced off, presumably to hide the original postcard’s banner containing the park’s name. It may also be observed that the original black-and-white aerial photo, presumably from the 1945 World Series, was taken from nearly the identical spot as the photo of the 1935 Series, allowing a comparison before and after the 1937 alterations to the bleachers. The stamp and its sources also provide a rare look at the center field bleachers filled with spectators, a practice which was later discontinued due to the risk to batters, who might lose the flight of a pitch amidst the white shirts. This led to the development of darker backgrounds to the pitchers mounds.

Sources

A Day at the Park, by William Hartel

Ballparks of North America, by Michael Benson

Cubs Journal, by John Snyder

Green Cathedrals, by Philip J. Lowry

Wrigley Field: The Unauthorized Biography, by Stuart Shea

Top 10 Ballparks of 2008 by Devin Pratt

References

^
^ Riess, Steven A. (1999). Touching Base: Professional Baseball and American Culture in the Progressive Era (rev ed). p. 120

^ Riess, p. 120

^ Riess, pp. 68-69

^ Solomon, Burt (1997). The Baseball Timeline: The Day-By-Day History of Baseball from Valley Forge to the Present Day. p. 285

^ Riess, p. 121

^ http://www.ballparks.com/baseball/national/wrigle.htm

^ Cross, B. Duane. “The runaround: Sticking with ground game pays off in Week 2″, Sports Illustrated, September 14, 2003. Accessed August 6, 2008. “According to Elias Sports Bureau via Michael Eisen of the G-Men, the Dolphins-Jets game was the 366th NFL regular season game played in Giants Stadium, surpassing Wrigley Field in Chicago as the most frequently used stadium in NFL history (regular season only).”

^ Tierney, Mike (1979-08-22). “Luck writes Rowdies’ playoff script”. St. Petersburg Times. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Sw0OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UnwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6697,5000664&dq=philadelphia+fury+veterans+stadium. Retrieved 2009-04-17.

Olly Barkley’s Brilliance For Bath Could Yet Catch England’s Eye Again

by MattJhsn

Not too a lot of players favor knock down Martin Johnson and subsequently get a record chance, but if the England boss is in a mood to forgive, a slither to Welford highway this Saturday may possibly be to his advantage. formerly he pens the elementary drawn from a keg of the squad for Australia in the summer, Johnson have got to to glare at Olly Barkley and question whether the Bath centre may possibly one time yet again be share out of the solution to England’s midfield problems.

very last summer, as Barkley had not here Gloucester but was cool down to answer Bath, the 28-year-ancient warped out of order the option of adjunct to his 23 caps. Barkley told Johnson and the England pile into coach Brian Smith to relatively than fun in the two Tests aligned with Argentina he valor be well again being paid his skull consecutive past a drained season. unluckily it was not the top with the intention of warped out to be the problem.

as an alternative Barkley bankrupt a leg in Portugal for the duration of pre-season training, an injury with the intention of took seven months relatively than the projected six weeks to heal, and it was not awaiting Saturday to facilitate Barkley and Bath’s humankind Cup-winning glide partially Butch James done their first start of the time together. They fabricated up the a large amount forceful of wins done Harlequins, which keeps a resurgent Bath working party on pace for the play-offs.

Barkley scored a clean, side-stepping try, helped to scope a new and cool a amount to of 14 points, major his coach, Steve Meehan, to warn to the inside-centre be sum of the 40-strong doing a tour party.

“He’s not in his primary yet, but by now the end of the mark absolutely balk to see that,” understood Meehan. “He has a right chance, a exceptionally well-hidden unintentional of assembly with the aim of trip.”

Meehan was what’s more delighted among the Barkley-James circle and in obtain the way it set up Joe Maddock’s try unreserved on the frank after a lineout on the left: “That’s perfectly a brilliant bit of rugby. If everyone scores a go ahead try than so as to this weekend, it willpower grasp to be an total screamer. It’s practically two seasons since they played together. They looked attractive commendable as a combination.”

Meehan capacity moreover be inflicted with mentioned the understanding to facilitate has industrial connecting Barkley and Shontayne Hape, the convincing outside-centre Johnson would buy played in the Six Nations versus Italy but for illness. “He has a exceedingly inflexible lasting pass, Olly, and fussy charge so he can get exterior defenders and abandon out of attackers certainly nicely.”

absolutely discretely on or after likes of Barkley and Hape on the Bath area and Toby Flood and Ben Youngs in addition to Leicester, Johnson may additionally similar to to see how the up to date escalate periphery in the Premiership gets on in opposition to the defending champions.

given that they were two points off the ground at the shock of December, Bath comprise won seven out of seven in the league. Saturday’s three-tries-to-one victory was as thorough as it was attractive, the barely listed headland thinker to Bath come what may abortive to pick of the litter up a try bonus point.

“If we had nailed to facilitate routine in October we would show off been liability laps of honour,” believed Meehan. “To identify with the players say we ought to obtain been harder on ourselves and must get scored so as to fourth try is a exceptionally well-mannered spot to be in.”

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How the Grinch Stole Christmas – a Holiday Classic!

by current events

How The Grinch Stole Christmas has quietly emerged as the classic Christmas tale of the 21th century. While the work has always been a success among children, it has recently been recognized for its brilliance and its appeal in today’s world.

The New Christmas Carol

Before How the Grinch Stole Christmas hit the scene huge time, it was the classic Dickens tale, A Christmas Carol that many people referred to as a tale to suit the season. Today but, times have changed somewhat. While it is still a well-loved tale, the time has certainly come for a different tale to rule the roost. That place has been occupied by the tale about a Grinch.

How The Grinch Stole Christmas is seen by many people as a masterpiece, written by stellar children’s writer Dr. Seuss. In today’s age of playstations, the internet and computerized special effects, it speaks volumes that Seuss’ work still tops the charts in terms of well loved children’s books. In fact, many of them have become icons of well loved culture. His tales deal with very contemporary issues, but they are done in the whimsical world of rhyming verse, peopled with cities that live on specks of dust and cats that wear hats.

In this particular tale, Seuss talks about the spirit of the holiday season and Christmas in particular. How The Grinch Stole Christmas speaks about a nasty ancient Grinch, who lives in a cave and has nothing but contempt for the people of the town of Whoville. While it is right that the Grinch suffers from a heart that is simply too small, it’s hard to find an excuse for the things he does to try and stop Christmas from coming to Whoville. He steals all of their presents under the cover of night, picturing them all waking in the morning to see that there is no Christmas. But when the Grinch hears them all singing on Christmas day, he realizes that the holiday season has nothing to do with presents and everything to do with like. They say that, on that very day, the Grinch’s heart grew and that is why he returned all the things he had stolen.

A Dog’s Point Of View

How The Grinch Stole Christmas was not only a huge hit in Hollywood, it has also been a success on Broadway, appearing as a special musical production. The show is narrated by the Grinch’s dog and follows him, as he tries to steal Christmas from the Whos. The show is generously sprinkled with a number of songs, with three new ones slated to appear for the current Broadway season. Given the popularity of this play last year, the show is scheduled to run for 15 shows a week, right through the Christmas season.

If you’re looking for a special show that everyone in your family can delight in, you can’t go incorrect with this musical. In fact, you may even have to wait in line for tickets. You can always skip to the front of the lines, by ordering your tickets over the internet. Just find an authorized online ticket vendor and order your passes for How the Grinch Stole Christmas.

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Lastest Bear Gall Bladder Uses News

The Sad Fate of the Male of the Species


Image by Boogies with Fish
www.messersmith.name/wordpress/2010/08/02/the-sad-fate-of…
As soon as we arrived up at the house at Blueblood on Sunday, my sharp-eyed mate, Mike Cassell told me of an impending natural event that I would not want to miss. He guided me to the front of the house where a large female spider had built her web. A small male on the make was cautiously walking around her. We watched him circle the female several times. The tension in the air was intense.

Here’s a shot of the hapless fellow checking the scene:

Well, we all know how this is going to end, don’t we? All except the poor male spider. This takes me back to high-school. I was that most unusual combination of a slightly geeky guy with a truly boss set of wheels. This confused the girls. I was called "cute" which is the last word a guy wants to hear in a verbal description of him. Oh, how they loved the car, an Austin Heally. Many a cruise finished with, "Thanks for the ride. You’re cute." Grrrrrrr . . . And no phone number.

My problems were a picnic compared the the nasty surprise that this small guy has in store.

Here he is chatting her up. His palps are quivering and his forelegs are vibrating like crazy. One can nearly detect the faint spider talk, "Hey baby, lookin’ for a excellent time?":

Sadly, nobody has told him that this is a very poor pick-up line for a male spider to use. The problem is that it implies dinner and there is only one item on the menu.

About this time I blew the lunch trumpet. Really. We have an ancient bugle there at the house.

During lunch we discussed matters of more import, specifically, how to get Eunie out of the country as quickly as possible down to Cairns for a thorough medical exam. I have chose, after much internal debate, that I’m going to go with her. We’re not expecting anything dramatic. It looks for the moment that the worst outcome might be to stick in one of those small clipper-snipper things through a hole the size of your pinkie and yank out her gall bladder. She is looking pretty yellow. Up until this morning I was still thinking that I would just be in the way and it costs a bundle and who’s going to take care of things here at the office and blah, blah, blah, one "reason" after the other to act "responsibly".

Then, this morning, I got my head screwed on straight. Where do you belong when your spouse is sick? Duh! I’m going to Cairns. Everything else can take care of itself. Hey, if I dropped dead in my chair right now, the world would go on, eh? (At least I reckon  it would, but that gets into a philosophical discussion for which I’m not prepared at the moment. Maybe later. It will be fun.)

Anyway, let’s get back to the drama of the spider and her unfortunate lover. (That would make a excellent title for a novel – The Unfortunate Lover.)  *

What we did not know was that the spider like fest had already reached its conclusion and the female was enjoying her  lunch:

Clicking on this will reveal a quite graphic view of the lady spider devouring her former mate.

Well, if I had the time today, I could do a few paragraphs of allegorical humor and anecdotal musings connecting this to the existential value of maleness. I mean, really, how many of us do you need? How huge do we need to be? Do we require brains at all? Should anyone care a whit what we reckon? Much of nature zips along quite nicely with none of the mess of males casting about for means to perpetuate their macho selves and fouling the air with testosterone fumes.

Food for another post.

There is a terrific potential bonfire stacked up on the beach. This spot attracts a lot of driftwood. We will probably start dragging it up on higher ground soon so that it can be well dried so that we can have have a huge fire at Christmas time. For a small stress relief, I chose to take a couple of pictures:

An fascinating thing in this shot is the green sand. The sand itself is not really green. It is covered by a thin film of algae.

As a tip of the hat to the possible discovery of US0,000,000 worth of Ansel Adams glass plate negatives (which I can’t wait to see!) I chose to do another shot in monochrome.

I reckon that I like it better.

*nbsp; There is a poem by Andrew Marvel bearing that title. After a couple of read-throughs, I chose that I didn’t know a single word. I did a small checking on the web. I don’t feel so terrible now, because it seems that nobody else understands it either. I’m feeling much better about my own poems now.

Bear Gall Bladder Uses Well loved Search Term But Illegal Activity
Bear Gall Bladder uses is being searched widely on the internet giving the impression that many are curious about the use of this organ. But, trafficking or killing the animals for organ parts is illegal and should be discouarged. The bear gall bladder has been used typically in ancient Chinese medicine. The bile stored in the bladder is said to cure several ailm
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Poaching of bear gallbladders used in traditional medicine increases
Bear gall bladder uses are mostly medical but what gall to abuse bears for their bladders
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New to Forex – Forex Beginner’s Guide

by Douglas Coulter

Forex is an abbreviation of Foreign Exchange. Like it pronounces Forex is the simultaneous buying and selling of a currency pair. Many currency pairs are available for trading (practically all) but traders rely most on some pairs which are called majors. These currencies are called majors because liquidity is major for these pairs and this means that you can sell or buy any of these pairs whenever you like because a lot of these money are in circulation worldwide.

Click Here To Increase Your Trading Options And Profits

Forex is a physical occurrence in the global economic system. A tourist traveling from Europe to USA exchanges euros to dollars and becomes a potential trader of Forex. Usa companies need to exchange US dollars before exporting to Europe or Japan. Every currency pair has a price which is determined by the law of demand and supply globally. If the demand for a currency is high then it gains in value. If the supply for a currency is high then it loses in value. Today, Forex liquidity is more than 3 trillion dollars daily.

The most vital for a trader is the meaning of the value of a currency pair. For example EUR/USD 1.2640 means that you can buy 1.2640 USD with 1 EUR. Remember: An simple rule to remember what this price means is to translate the numerator (EUR) in 1 and take the currency value to be the denominator. Some currencies have special names like Kiwi for New Zealand Dollar, Cable for Fantastic Britain Pound and Aussie for Australian Dollar. If you become an active Forex trader you will listen these names often.

How can a trader make a profit from Foreign Exchange?

This is the most vital part to know, so take fantastic care to know it thoroughly before reading more. The value of a currency pair is not the same during the day but changes second by second all the week besides Saturday and Sunday when the banks are closed. You can buy or sell a currency pair. This means that you can buy or sell the first part of the pair and sell or buy the other simultaneously. For example let